Catheterization is a crucial diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in cardiology that involves the insertion of a thin, flexible tube (catheter) into a blood vessel to access the heart and surrounding structures. This minimally invasive technique allows cardiologists to diagnose a variety of conditions, such as coronary artery disease, heart valve problems, and congenital heart defects. During the procedure, a contrast dye is often injected through the catheter, enabling detailed imaging of the heart and blood vessels via fluoroscopy. This imaging helps identify blockages, assess blood flow, and evaluate heart function, providing essential information for developing effective treatment plans.
In addition to its diagnostic capabilities, catheterization can also serve therapeutic purposes. For instance, during a coronary angioplasty, the catheter is used to deliver a balloon to a narrowed artery, which is then inflated to widen the artery and improve blood flow. Stenting may follow to keep the artery open. Other interventional procedures, such as the closure of certain heart defects or valve repairs, can also be performed using catheter-based techniques. While catheterization is generally safe and well-tolerated, patients are closely monitored for potential complications, and detailed pre- and post-procedure care is provided to ensure optimal outcomes. This comprehensive approach makes catheterization an invaluable tool in modern cardiovascular medicine.